Necrosis intestinal, una complicación infrecuente de la nutrición enteral por yeyunostomía / Mesenteric necrosis, a rare complication of feeding jejunostomy

RESUMEN La nutrición enteral es parte importante del soporte vital avanzado en el paciente crítico, y ha demostrado ser más fisiológica, económica y con resultados superiores a la nutrición parenteral. La yeyunostomía para alimentación enteral está indicada cuando no es posible la alimentación por vía oral y está contraindicada la utilización de una sonda nasogástrica o nasoyeyunal de alimentación. Es una vía de alimentación con escasa morbilidad, aunque no está exenta de complicaciones, y algunas de ellas pueden ser graves. Comunicamos un caso de necrosis intestinal vinculado a la alimentación enteral por yeyunostomía en un paciente sometido a una gastrectomía oncológica.

ABSTRACT Enteral nutrition is an important component of advanced life support in the critically ill patient, and has demonstrated to be more physiologic, cheaper and with better results than parenteral nutrition. Jejunostomy for enteral nutrition is indicated when the oral route is impossible and the use of a nasogastric or nasojejunal feeding tube is contraindicated. Although the rate of complications associated with enteral nutrition through jejunostomy is low, they may occur and be serious. We report a case of bowel necrosis associated with a jejunostomy performed for enteral nutrition in a patient who underwent oncologic gastrectomy.

Miopatía necrotizante autoinmune: Presentación de un caso clínico / Autoimmune necrotizing myositis: Presentation of a clinical case

Las miopatías inflamatorias (MI) son un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades musculares de rara ocurrencia, caracterizadas por inflamación de los distintos componentes del tejido muscular, ya sea de forma aislada o, más comúnmente, en el contexto de una afección sistémica. Las miopatías necrotizantes inmunomediadas (MNIM) constituyen un subtipo de miopatía inflamatoria caracterizada por debilidad muscular proximal, necrosis de miofibrillas con mínimo infiltrado celular inflamatorio en la biopsia muscular e infrecuente compromiso extramuscular asociado1. Si bien existen similitudes clínicas e histopatológicas, el espectro de las miopatías inflamatorias es considerablemente variable. Por este motivo, es fundamental realizar estudios complementarios para la identificación correcta del subtipo de MI a fin de determinar su pronóstico e implementar un adecuado tratamiento. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 29 años, sin antecedentes personales y heredofamiliares de enfermedad autoinmune ni antecedentes patológicos relevantes, que consulta a la Guardia Médica de nuestra Institución por un cuadro de dolor e impotencia funcional en los cuatro miembros, con debilidad muscular a predominio de cintura escapular y en menor medida pelviana, acompañado de astenia, tendencia al sueño e hiporreactividad.

Inflammatory myopathies (IM) or myositis are a heterogeneous group of muscle diseases of rare occurrence. Such diseases are characterized by inflammation of the different components of muscle tissue, which can occur either in isolation or, more commonly, as part of a systemic disorder. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNM) are a type of autoimmune myopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness, myofiber necrosis with minimal inflammatory cell infiltrate on muscle biopsy and infrequent extramuscular involvement1. Even though there are clinical and histopathological similarities. The spectrum of inflammatory myopathies is considerably variable. Therefore, the performance of complementary studies is essential for the proper identification of the IM subtype to contribute accurately on treatment so determine the better prognosis. The present article shows the case of a young 29 years old, with no personal and family history background of autoimmune disease and no relevant pathological background. The patient consulted the medical ward of the Institution with pain, functional impairment of upper and lower extremities, muscle weakness mainly located in the pectoral girdle area and, although to a lesser degree, in the pelvic girdle area. It was also associated with asthenia, tendency to drowsiness and hyporeactivity.

Complicação grave do uso irregular do PMMA: relato de caso e a situação brasileira atual / Severe complication due to inappropriate use of polymethylmethacrylate: a case report and current status in Brazil

Introdução: Os preenchedores permanentes, apesar de resultados duradouros, são verdadeiros problemas quando causam complicações. No Brasil, o PMMA é um produto aprovado pela Anvisa, mas seu uso extrapola suas indicações, levando a complicações graves. Há mais de uma década, existem recomendações sobre sua restrição, mas casos com consequências graves do seu uso irresponsável são atuais. Objetivo: Relatar complicação grave do uso irregular do PMMA e discutir a realidade brasileira atual baseado em determinações das entidades médicas, assim como dos órgãos reguladores. Métodos: É relatado um caso de necrose extensa da região glútea após a injeção de PMMA por profissional não qualificado e discutida a situação brasileira atual do produto com base nas entidades médicas e revisão da literatura do Brasil. Discussão: Apesar do esforço das entidades médicas, são inúmeros os casos de complicações agudas e crônicas relatados na literatura brasileira. No ano de 2016, foram registradas mais de 17 mil complicações relacionadas ao PMMA, mesmo assim, é difícil estabelecer dados epidemiológicos confiáveis, pois não há controle do número de aplicações, da qualidade do produto utilizado e da capacitação dos profissionais que o utilizam. Conclusão: No Brasil, há um número expressivo de procedimentos reparadores para correção de complicações decorrentes do uso do PMMA. A gravidade do caso relatado traz à tona a necessidade de combate à má prática por profissionais não capacitados, assim como um controle mais rigoroso da comercialização do produto por entidades reguladoras.(AU)

Introduction: Use of permanent fillers can lead to significant complications. In Brazil, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a product approved by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), but its use exceeds its indications, leading to serious complications. Recommendations for restricted use have been in place for more than a decade, but cases with serious consequences due to inappropriate use are still seen. Objective: To report a serious complication due to inappropriate use of PMMA and discuss the current status of PMMA use in Brazil based on recommendations of medical societies and regulatory agencies. Methods: This report describes a case of extensive necrosis of the gluteal region after injection of PMMA by a non-qualified practitioner; the report also reviews the literature on the current status of PMMA use in Brazil. Discussion: Despite the efforts of medical societies, acute and chronic complications are still reported in the Brazilian literature. In 2016, more than 17,000 PMMArelated complications were reported; nevertheless, reliable epidemiological data remain unavailable because the number of treatments, the quality of the product, and the training of practitioners remain unregulated. Conclusion: A significant number of repair procedures are performed in Brazil to correct complications resulting from the use of PMMA. The severity of the reported case highlights the need to combat bad practice by untrained professionals, as well as the need for greater control of PMMA marketing by regulatory agencies.(AU)

Reconstrução mamária com loja de retalho retropeitoral superior e subcutâneo misto inferior / Breast reconstruction with creation of upper retropectoral and lower mixed subcutaneous cavities and use of flaps

Introdução: Segundo dados do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) de 2016, estima-se em 57.960 novos casos de câncer de mama no Brasil, o que corresponde a 25% dentre todos os tipos de cânceres no país (excluindo-se os tumores de pele não melanoma). O presente artigo visa apresentar uma forma de abordagem para as reconstruções mamárias imediatas com loja retropeitoral superior e subcutânea mista inferior. Métodos: Os autores descrevem da técnica de reconstrução mamária com retalho do músculo peitoral e pedículo cutâneo inferior, associado à inclusão de implante mamário de silicone. Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de prontuários das pacientes operadas entre os anos 2012 e 2016 no Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica da clínica privada do autor sênior, no Hospital Daher e no Hospital das Forças Armadas. Resultados: Os resultados são satisfatórios, com baixos índices de complicações e com satisfação elevada para os pacientes e os autores. Trinta e seis pacientes foram submetidas à reconstrução mamária com a técnica descrita, com média de idade de 59 anos. As complicações apresentadas foram necrose de complexo areolopapilar, deiscência, seroma, hematoma, liponecrose, deslocamento do implante e trombose venosa profunda. Nenhuma paciente teve necessidade de resgate da reconstrução ou apresentou recidiva da neoplasia mamária durante o período do estudo. Conclusão: Trata-se de técnica que preserva a pele da mama em sua parte inferior, com baixa possibilidade de deiscência ou extrusão do implante nesta região, proporcionando uma dupla proteção deste implante com o músculo peitoral maior nos dois terços superiores e o retalho cutâneo-dermogorduroso no terço inferior, caracterizando um "dual-plane".

Introduction: A total of 57,960 new cases of breast cancer were expected in Brazil in 2016 according to data from the National Cancer Institute, corresponding to 25% of cancers in the country (excluding non-melanoma skin tumors). This study aims at presenting a surgical approach for immediate breast reconstructions with upper retropectoral and lower mixed subcutaneous cavities. Methods: The authors performed breast reconstruction using flaps of the pectoral muscle and inferior cutaneous pedicle associated with insertion of silicone breast implants. The medical records of patients operated between 2012 and 2016 at the Plastic Surgery Service of the senior author's private clinic at Daher Hospital and Armed Forces Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The results were satisfactory, with low complication rates and high patient and author satisfaction. Thirty-six patients, with a mean age of 59 years, underwent breast reconstruction using the described technique. The complications were nipple-areola complex necrosis, dehiscence, seroma, hematoma, liponecrosis, implant displacement, and deep venous thrombosis. No patient needed salvage surgery or had recurrence of mammary neoplasia during the study period. Conclusion: The present technique preserves the skin located at the lower portion of the breast, with a low risk of dehiscence or extrusion of the implant in this region, providing a double protection of the implant, with the pectoralis major muscle in the upper two thirds and the cutaneous-dermis-fat flap in the lower third, characterizing a "dual-plane" positioning.

Aspergilosis diseminada con importante afectación cutánea / Disseminated aspergillosis with significant skin involvement

La Aspergilosis es una infección micótica oportunista que afecta principalmente a pacientes inmunodeprimidos con neutropenia, en quienes produce a menudo enfermedad invasiva de curso fulminante. Las manifestaciones cutáneas de la Aspergilosis son infrecuentes, apareciendo en el 5 a 10% de los casos diseminados. Comunicamos un caso de Aspergilosis en una mujer adulta con neutropenia severa por enfermedad hematológica, con afectación pulmonar y sinusal, que presenta múltiples lesiones ulceronecróticas en piel y mucosas, con evolución fatal. Las lesiones mucocutáneas de la Aspergilosis no son específicas, obligan a varios diagnósticos diferenciales y, como en este caso, la biopsia para estudio histopatológico y micológico es necesaria para el diagnóstico.

Aspergillosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that primarily affects immunocompromised patients with neutropenia, in whom invasive disease often results in fulminant course. Cutaneous manifestations of aspergillosis are rare, occurring in 5-10% of cases scattered. We report a case of aspergillosis in an adult woman with severe neutropenia for hematologic disease, lung and sinus disease, having multiple ulceronecróticas skin lesions and mucous membranes, with fatal outcome. The mucocutaneous lesions of aspergillosis are nonspecific, forcing several differential diagnoses, and as in this case, the biopsy for histopathological and mycological study is required for diagnosis.

Diagnóstico das síndromes coronarianas agudas e modelo sistematizado de atendimento emunidades de dor torácica / Diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and systematic model in chest pain services

A dor torácica é o sintoma que leva o paciente ao serviço de emergência e, nesse contexto,é fundamental que se faça o diagnóstico de uma síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA). Aavaliação adequada das características dos sintomas e a realização imediata de eletrocardiogramano atendimento inicial permitem o diagnóstico e, na maioria das vezes, apontamo melhor tratamento. Pelo eletrocardiograma podemos prontamente estabelecer o diagnóstico de SCA com supra de ST, que caracteriza infarto agudo do miocárdio e orienta parao tratamento de reperfusão o quanto antes. A ausência desse achado eletrocardiográfico caracteriza SCA sem supra de ST, que requer melhor definição prognóstica. Os marcadores de necrose miocárdica contribuem para melhor definição diagnóstica e estratificação de risco desses pacientes. Para aqueles cujos aspectos clínicos fazem suspeitar de quadrode isquemia aguda do miocárdio, mas que não apresentam um traçado eletrocardiográfico e marcadores de necrose com alterações suficientes para um diagnóstico mais definitivo, os testes isquêmicos não invasivos como o teste ergométrico, o ecocardiograma ou acintilografia de perfusão miocárdica, de repouso ou de esforço ou ainda com estresse farmacológico, podem contribuir tanto para o diagnóstico, quanto para a estratificaçãode risco. Mais recentemente, com a angiotomografia das coronárias ou com protocolos de atendimento de curta duração que utilizam troponinas de alta sensibilidade, podemos confirmar a presença de SCA ou afastá-la com segurança, reduzindo significativamente a permanência hospitalar desses pacientes...

Chest pain is the symptom that brings the patient to the emergency department and in this context, it is essential to make the diagnosis of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Proper evaluation of the characteristics of the symptoms and the immediate realization of an electrocardiogram in the initial care allow the diagnosis and, in most cases, indicate the best treatment. The electrocardiogram can readily establish the diagnosis of ACS with STelevation, featuring acute myocardial infarction, and guides for the treatment of reperfusionas soon as possible. The absence of this electrocardiographic finding is compatible with an ACS without ST elevation, which requires better prognostic definition. Myocardial necrosis markers contribute to better diagnostic definition and risk stratification of these patients. For those whose clinical aspects lead to suspicion of acute myocardial ischemia, but do not have an electrocardiographic tracing and necrosis markers with enough change for a more definitive diagnosis, non-invasive ischemic tests such as exercise test, echocardiography or stress-rest myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, or pharmacologic stress can contribute to both the diagnosis and the risk stratification. More recently, with CT angiography of the coronaryor with short-term treatment protocols using high-sensitivity troponins, we can confirm the presence of ACS or rule out it safely, significantly reducing the hospital stay of these patients...

Bladder necrosis secondary to internal iliac artery embolization following pelvic fracture

A 49-year-old man following a road traffic accident [RTA] had an unstable pelvic fracture with urethral injury. Internal pelvic fixation with Supra-pubic catheter [SPC] drainage of his bladder was done. This failed to stop the bleeding and a pelvic angiography with bilateral internal iliac embolization using steel coils was performed successfully controlling the bleeding. After 4 weeks, the patient developed wound infection [Clavien Grade III] and on exploration, bladder necrosis was found. A urinary diversion using ileal conduit with excision of bladder was performed. A biopsy of the excised bladder confirmed bladder necrosis with a foreign material [coil] in one arterial lumen

Acute myonecrosis in horse caused by Clostridium novyi type A

The objective of this study was to describe the first report involving a case of equine acute myonecrosis caused by C. novyi type A with an emphasis on clinical signs, the pathological and bacteriological analysis, and molecular identification of the microorganisms as the key of the definitive diagnosis.

Neumonía complicada en pediatría, su manejo: un reto / Treatment of empyema thoracis and necrotizing pnueumonia in children

Complicated pneumonia with pleural effusion or empyema is a condition that its incidence has been increasing in recent years. Its early diagnosis and timely management reduce costs and shorten hospital stays for patients. The optimized diagnostic aids treatments. In recent years the intervention and fibrinolytic substances as VATS surgery have opened a positive outlook in handling controversies exist yet at the time of application. This article reviews these aspects.

La neumonía complicada con derrame pleural o empiema es una patología que ha ido incrementando su incidencia en los últimos años. Su diagnóstico temprano y su manejo oportuno disminuyen los costos y acortan las estancias hospitalarias de los pacientes. Las ayudas diagnósticas optimizan los tratamientos. En los últimos años la intervención con sustancias fibrinolíticas y las intervenciones quirúrgicas como la videotoracoscopia han abierto un panorama positivo en el manejo sin embargo, existen controversias en el momento de su aplicación. Este artículo hace una revisión de estos aspectos.

Ischemic Necrosis of the Cecum: A Single Center Experience / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Isolated cecal necrosis is a rare cause of the surgical abdomen. Its manifestation is similar to that of acute appendicitis. Thirteen cases, who were pre-diagnosed with acute abdomen and were finally diagnosed with isolated cecal necrosis after operation have been evaluated alongside with literature. METHODS: The records of 13 patients, who had isolated cecal necroses between 1995 and 2011 at Necmettin Erbakan University Meram Medical School's General Surgery Clinic (Turkey), were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Eight of the patients were male, whereas 5 were female. Their mean age was 68.0+/-11.7 (range 51-84) years. All the patients had at least one accompanying disease the most frequent of which were heart failure and chronic renal failure. Ten patients had right hemicolectomy and ileotransversostomy, two had right hemicolectomy and ileostomy, and one had wedge resection to the cecum by the help of linear stapler. Mortality was seen in 5 patients (38%) in the early postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated cecal necrosis should be considered in elderly patients with chronic diseases presenting with sudden right lower quadrant pains in the differential diagnosis. Isolated cecal necrosis may have a bad prognosis since it is seen in elderly patients with accompanying problems. Therefore, early diagnosis and immediate surgical management if necessary is important to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality.

A case of necrotizing pancreatitis subsequent to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma

Necrotizing pancreatitis is one of the rare complications of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Necrotizing pancreatitis after TACE may result from the development of ischemia caused by regurgitation of embolic materials into the vessels supplying the pancreas. We report a case of post-TACE necrotizing pancreatitis with abscess formation in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma. The patient had suffered hepatic artery injury due to repetitive TACE; during his 25th TACE procedure he had submitted to selective catheterization of the feeding vessel from the dorsal pancreatic artery with a cytotoxic agent and Gelfoam particles. The patient complained of abdominal pain after the TACE procedure, and a CT scan led to a diagnosis of necrotizing pancreatitis with abscess formation. The pancreatic abscess progressed despite general management of the pancreatitis, including antibiotics. Percutaneous catheter drainage was performed, and the symptoms of the patient improved.

Estrangulação de intestino delgado devido a divertículo de Meckel e banda mesodiverticular em égua gestante – relato de caso / Strangulation of the small intestine by Meckel´s diverticulum and mesodiverticular band in a pregnant mare – Case Report

O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a ocorrência de cólica por estrangulação intestinal ocasionada por banda mesodiverticular (BMD) e divertículo de Meckel (DM) em uma égua no terço final de gestação com histórico de 20 horas de cólica moderada contínua sem resposta à administração de analgésicos. Pela celiotomia constatou-se a presença de BMD e DM medindo 15cm a partir da borda anti-mesentérica, ocasionando estrangulação intestinal distante 150cm do orifício ileocecal. Realizaramse enterectomia de 290cm de alça necrosada, drenagem do conteúdo enegrecido e fétido do intestino remanescente, seguida de by pass do ceco por jejuno-colonostomia. Durante o pós-operatório, o quadro se manteve refratário à terapia intensiva instituída. O animal voltou a ter refluxo pela sonda nasogástrica e ocorreu abortamento após seis dias, sendo praticada a eutanásia após 24 horas. A BMD e o DM são estruturas remanescentes dos componentes onfalomesentéricos vitelinos, e sua ressecção deve ser considerada sempre que essas estruturas forem diagnosticadas durante a cirurgia abdominal em equinos. A égua deste relato viveu cinco anos sem consequências aparentes, até que tais alterações provocaram a estrangulação intestinal.

The objective of this report is to describe the occurrence of intestinal strangulation caused by mesodiverticular band (MDB) and Meckel´s diverticulum (MD) in a mare at the latter third of gestation with a 20 hours history of moderate colic unresponsive to analgesic medication. The celiotomy revealed the presence of 5.9 inches long MD and MDB causing intestinal strangulation 59 inches from the ileocecal valve. It was performed an enterectomy of 115 inches of necrotic loop, drainage of the dark and fetid content of the remaining intestine, followed by cecum bypass through jejunocolostomy. Despite the intensive therapy established during postoperative, the gastric reflux through the nasogastric tube came back, the mare suffered abortion after six days, and the euthanasia was performed after 24 hours. MDB and MD are remaining structures of vitelline omphalomesenteric components and their resection should be considered whenever these structures are diagnosed during abdominal surgery in equines. The mare on this report lived five years without apparent consequences; until the moment these alterations caused intestinal strangulation.

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis: a fatal complication of neglected esophageal foreign body.

Descending necrotising mediastinitis due to a neglected esophageal foreign body is uncommon. It is a lethal disease if it develops with full blown clinical picture. A case is reported of descending necrotising mediastinitis caused by a foreign body in oesophagus which is rarely reported in world literature. It is emphasized that prompt diagnosis and aggressive surgical mediastinal drainage is very important for the survival of these patients. Delayed diagnosis and treatment in our case may have been the cause of death of the patient. Delayed diagnosis in our case is due to the unavailability proper health facility in remote area in developing countries like Nepal.

Necrosis de escroto en adolescente / Necrosis of the scrotum in an adolescent

Paciente de 19 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos de importancia, que presentó necrosis y úlceras genitales sensibles durante un período de cuatro meses y medio, en relación a cuadros infecciosos amigdalianos y respiratorios.

We present the case of a 19-year-old patient, lacking significant morbid antecedents, who presented necrosis and sensitive genital ulcers during a period of four and a half moths, related with tonsillitis and respiratory infections.

Oxigenoterapia hiperbárica para infecciones necrotizantes de partes blandas / Hyperbaric oxygenotherapy for necrotizing infections of soft parts

Introducción: La Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica (OHB) se ha convertido en el tratamiento de elección de numerosas patologías. Sin embargo, su rol en el tratamiento de las Infecciones Necrotizantes de partes blandas (INPB) es aún controvertido.Objetivo: Evaluar el beneficio de la Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica (OHB) en el tratamiento de las Infecciones Necrotizantes de partes blandas (INPB).Método: Retrospectivo, revisión de historias clínicas y seguimiento de los casos. Durante el período de Enero 1996 a Diciembre2002, una población de 42 pacientes con INPB, se categorizó las lesiones de acuerdo a profundidad según la clasificación de Ámsterdam y se los dividió en 2 grupos: el grupo I (n = 18) que completó el protocolo de 10 sesione de OHB de 60 minutos cada una a 2.5 atmósferas absolutas (ATA), iniciando el 1º día del postoperatorio y el grupo II (n = 24) que no lo completó. En todos los casos se realizó desbridamiento quirúrgico precoz y antibioticoterapia.Resultado: En el grupo I hubo 12 (66.6%) recuperaciones completas, 5 (27.7%) secuelas leves y 1 (5.7%) grave, en el grupo II hubo 5 (20.8%) recuperaciones completas, 8 (33.4%) secuelas leves y 5 (20.8%) graves. La flora patógena fue en el 85.7% de los casos polimicrobiana. La mortalidad global fue del 25%, todos del grupo II.Conclusión: Se observó una relación inversamente proporcional entre el número de sesiones de OHB y la morbimortalidad. La OHB fue beneficiosa en esta serie como tratamiento complementario a la cirugía y los antibióticos.

Total gastric necrosis in a neonate.

Necrosis of the entire stomach is extremely rare in neonates. We report a case of total gastric necrosis in a full-term neonate. The possible pathophysiology, diagnostic features and therapeutic options for gastric necrosis in a newborn are discussed.

Necrosis pancreática como primera manifestación de hiperparatiroidismo primario. Informe de un paciente / Necrosis of the pancreas as first manifestation of primary hyperparathyroidism. Report of one patient

Objetivo. La Pancreatitis Aguda (PA) tiene múltiples etiologías, una de las más raras es el hiperparatiroidismo primario (HPP). La incidencia de la PA en pacientes con HPP varía desde el 7 al 12 por ciento. En nuestra institución este caso representa el único de PA e HPP de 216 de PA vistos en los últimos 3 años. Caso clínico. Paciente masculino de 20 años de edad, sin antecedentes que sugieran HPP, fue visto en el servicio con cuadro de PA severa, con 3 criterios de Ranson y Apache II de 6 a su ingreso, así como calcio sérico de 12.99 mg/dl. En la pancreatografía dinámica se observó necrosis pancreática; fue manejado conservadoramente y se le estudió para descartar HPP. Se identificó un adenoma paratiroideo en la centellografía por lo que a los 20 días de su ingreso fue intervenido, extirpando un adenoma de 2.5 cm. Cinco días después presentó fiebre de 39ºC, por lo que se realizó punción de la necrosis. En la tinción de Gram se identificaron cocos gram positivo, por lo que se realizó necosectomía, lavado de cavidad y empaquetamiento; tres días después se intervino nuevamente y se efectuó nuevamente necrosectomía, lavado y cierre de cavidad, se dejó drenaje con sonda de tres lúmenes para irrigación continua en el post-operatorio. Fue dado de alta 42 días después de su ingreso y un año más tarde se encuentra con calcio, glucemia y función pancreática exocrina normal

Mediastinitis necrotizante descendente / Descendent necrotizing mediastinitis

Se presenta una serie de 4 enfermos con mediastinitis necrotizante descendente (MND) de origen dental operados entre 1988 y 1993. Del análisis retrospectivo de su etiología, métodos diagnósticos, tratamiento y evolución surge la importancia del diagnóstico temprano y del tratamiento oportuno y completo, destacando la importancia del abordaje por toracotomía para el tratamiento de la supuración mediastinal, pleural y frecuentemente pericárdica. La morbilidad fue alta por múltiples complicaciones: diabrosis de los vasos del cuello, obstrucción de la vía áerea, broncoaspiración, colecciones pleurales y neumotórax postoperatorios, perforación de úlcera gástrica. La muerte de los primeros 3 de estos 4 enfermos destaca la gravedad de la afección.

Tomografía computada dinámica de alto contraste en el diagnóstico de necrosis pancreática / Dynamic High-contrast computed tomography in pancreatic necrosis diagnosis

Determinar si la tomografía computada dinámica de alto contraste (TCAC) es capaz de diagnosticar necrosis pancreática en pacientes con pancreatitis aguda grave (PAG), y si tiene o no mayor utilidad que la tomografía computada convencional (TCNL). Antecedentes: A pesar de que se han utilizado múltiples recursos para predecir la gravedad y la magnitud de la necrosis pancreática, pocos estudios prospectivos se han realizado con tomografía computada. Metodología: Se efectuó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y comparativo de pacientes consecutivos con pancreatitis aguda grave a los que se les realizaron TCNL y TCAC. Resultados: Cuando existió necrosis las densidades pancreáticas fueron menores. La presencia de necrosis también se vio acompañada de mayores puntuaciones a gravedad, pero no de mayor mortalidad. Sin embargo, la mortalidad sí se vio afectada por la extensión de la necrosis pancreática. Se obtuvo una sensibilidad del 100 por ciento, especificidad de 68 por ciento, valor predictivo de 100 por ciento y negativo de 42 por ciento. Estadística. Se utilizó t de Student de muestras independientes para valorar la densidad en la TCNL y en la TCAC, y prueba de correlación lineal valorar la correlación entre el índice aorta-páncreas y la presencia de necrosis. Conclusiones: La TCAC detecta con mayor eficacia la necrosis pancreática en comparación con la TCNL y en funsión de la presencia de ésta y de su extensión podemos establecer un pronóstico de gravedad